The level of CVD comorbidity remains high in SMDs, indicating that most people with SMDs have not benefitted from recent medical advances. A complex interplay between genetic and social vulnerability to CVD, which differs across subgroups of patients, seems to be involved. Further research is required to meet the urgent need for earlier, more efficient intervention approaches and preventive strategies for comorbid CVD in SMD.
Advances in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and often severe psychiatric disorder affecting approximately 1–4%of the world population. There are three types of BD, including bipolar I disorder (BD-I), bipolar II disorder (BD-II), and cyclothymic disorder. All three types involve clear changes in mood, energy, and activity levels. Leer texto completo
