The advent of innovative theories about the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders has ushered in a new era on the basis of the role of the immune system and inflammation in mediating depression in its multifaceted manifestations. Extensive studies have confirmed the proinflammatory status in depression and causal relationships with neurotransmitter dysregulation. Equally importantly the role the autonomic nervous system plays in this complex and multifactorial interplay of body systems is being increasingly elucidated.
Advances in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic and often severe psychiatric disorder affecting approximately 1–4%of the world population. There are three types of BD, including bipolar I disorder (BD-I), bipolar II disorder (BD-II), and cyclothymic disorder. All three types involve clear changes in mood, energy, and activity levels. Leer texto completo
